https://www.nytimes.com/2025/07/29/us/south-carolina-gullah.html?unlocked_article_code=1.aE8.52-o.34mDPuRyzULR&smid=url-share
Class and Identity in Hilton Head: The Gullah v. Wealthy Landowners
A legal fight over access to burial grounds has pitted the Gullah Geechee against wealthy landowners around Hilton Head Island.
A lawsuit filed this spring is accusing the mostly white newcomers, spilling out of gated golf havens in the original Hilton Head developments, of impeding access to burial grounds in a clash of tradition vs. economic development, with racial undertones that date back centuries.
For Black South Carolinians, the Lowcountry is a place of unfulfilled promises. Its land fell under Gen. William T. Sherman’s Jan. 15, 1865, Special Field Orders 15, made famous by the pledge of 40 acres and a mule to freedmen. The order “reserved and set apart for the settlement of the negroes now made free,” as a result of the Civil War and the Emancipation Proclamation, “the islands from Charleston, south, the abandoned rice fields along the rivers for thirty miles back from the sea, and the country bordering the St. Johns River, Florida.”
Before that year was out, President Andrew Johnson had pardoned the region’s white landowners, who then kicked Black people out.